Earlier, soil and water conservation measures were taken to ensure the proper distribution of water and moisture on the field. This ensured a uniform crop stand and increased productivity. Also, it is now more important to take such measures on dryland to check infrequent rainfall. Sometimes the dry period can extend to 30 days.

Chetana-Vikas suggests a five-pronged approach for in situ soil and water conservation:

  • Formation of earthen structures such as contour bunds, graded contour bunds, drainage channels and gully plugs, according to topography.
  • Appropriate farming practices enhance water conservation and save soil.
  • Appropriate land use where the slope of the land determines the type of vegetation.
  • Increasing green cover to protect the topsoil, either as trees or faster-growing crops in a mixed cropping system.
  • Population control of people and cattle so as to not exceed the carrying capacity of the land.
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While the fifth point is keeping the long-term vision in mind, the first four points ensure complete percolation of water in the fields with only excess water going out. This way, the topsoil, which is the most fertile, doesn’t erode. Withstanding dry periods is a major win for farmers battling erratic rainfall. The residual moisture ensures increased productivity of up to 30-40 per cent, depending on the type of soil.

All this work is carried out by village engineers–both men and women–who are trained to conceptualize, plan and execute the management of soil and water on farmers’ fields. Also, leveraging low-cost and appropriate technology is one of the major factors that contribute to the success of this approach.

Research & Innovations

  • Appropriate tools & equipment C their adaptations and innovations.
  • HRD methodologies for villagers.
  • HRD of Village men & women as “Village Technicians”.

Future Plans

  • Training “Village Engineers” in some other parts of Maharashtra and other States.
  • An ongoing search for improvement in tools & equipment, and training methods.
  • Out-reaching some tribal and hilly terrains.
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